Refrigerating system



v ant,

`*uNiran STA PHILIP W. D Es noerms,

TES 'PATENT ori-ics OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN BEFRIGERATING SYSTEM i IApplication ,led September 9, 1927. Serial No. 218,395.

inventionihas for its object to provide having a valve conarefrifrerating system high and struction located intermediate the lowpressure sides of the systemthat will permit the expansion of theliquefied refrigerant in a plurality of units at rates that will producethe maximum efliciency of the apparatus in the performance of itsfunction of chilling a surrounding medium, or associated object, ormaterial. The invention also provides for vinsuring the return of thelubricant that is carried'- from the compressor in therefrigernotwithstanding the repeated cycles through in thevoperations ofthe system. The lubricantcontent in the refrigerant is controlled by thevalve construction and the lubricant is progressively separated from theliquefied re'V frigerant by the' evaporation of the refrigerantand'isintroduced into the vaporized refrigerant in subdivided quantitiesat a uniand parts forni rate and at substantially uniform subdividedportions.

The invention also provides for the ready assembly and adjustment of thevalve parts that constitute the more sensitive and controlling, elementsof the valve structure.v i The ,in'vention may be. contained inrefrigerating apparatuses which vary in-their details, and,.toillustrate a practical application l' of the invention, I have selectedan apparatus l containing the invention as an example of the Fig. 1illustrates' the parts of the refriger-v various forins of systems thatembody my invention, and shall describe it hereinafter.

The refrigerating apparatus selected is shown j in the accompanyingdrawings.

ating apparatus, which is selected as illustrascf v 'the lubricantseparator.. section of. the va'lve structure taken on the tive ,of thevarious apparatuses embodyingv 'my invention. Fig. 2 illustrates atransverse sectional view o f the release valve structure. 3 illustratesa' vertical sectional view' of Fig. 4' illustrates a .plane of thelineA-L indicated-in Fig. 2. Fig. 5 isaview of a section of apart of the.vestructure sliown inFig. 2 taken on the plane of the line 5,-.-5indicated in Fig. 2.

Fig. 6 isa view -of Za section of a part of .the

which the refrigerant is subjected to valve structure taken on the planeof `the line 6-6 indicated lin Fig. 2. Fig. 7 illustrates a movablevalve member that controls the' movement of the liquefied refrigerantfrom l the highpressure side of the system to the low pressure side ofthe system. Fig.: 8 illustrates the valve seat and guide. Fig. 9illusing cup. Fig. 12 illustrates a third form of v lubricant trappingand separating cu Fig. 13 illustrates a means for removing lu ricantfrom the bottom of one of the chilling units of the apparatus. rality ofbaliies that may be used in the casing of the float chamber to preventsurging of the refrigerant into the chilling units of the apparatus.

The system which has been `selected as an example of the variousembodiments of my invention, is a combination of a wet and dry systemwherein the liquefied refrigerant is allowed to enter a suitablecontainer, or'coils,

lFigl. illustrates a plu- V and be distributed over a heat transmittingsurface in order that heat may be absorbed from an associated medium asthe liquid is changed to a vapor and, subsequently, as the 'vapor isallowed to expand in succeeding causing separation of the lubricant.Thevlubricant is then progressively, and at a uniform rate, introducedinto the vapor which is Y Y drawn to the compressor during the period inwhich the compressor is in operation.

Thus.

the invention provides for, not only flushing I the liquefiedrefrigerant through the chilling but it, moreover, prevents theliquefied refrigerant from entering into the compressor. VItalsopreventsa continuous stream -ofthe lubricant from entering thecompressor.

lThis will assure that the maximum refrigerating effect producible willbe performed only V in the chilling units, rather than in thecompressor. The chilling effect that is produced in the change, from theliquid to the vapor, to separate it from the lubricant, occurs in one iof the chilling units where it is closely associated with the mediumthat is to be chilled. It is to be understood, however, that the variousfeatures to which theclaims are directed, may be utilized in any form ofrefrigerating system, either a dry evaporative type or a wet evaporativetype, or combinations of these systems. Furthermore, by utilizing thecontrolling elements that embody the invention in a combination of wetand dry evaporative systems, I obtain the advantages of both of thesystems and avoid theJ disadvantages of either of them. Thisparticularly has reference to the heat absorptive power of the systemand the control of the lubricant within the refrigerant, and also withrespect to the control of the period of the cycle of operations by apressurestat in place of a thermostat, and as to the quantity ofrefrigerant used, and the high volumetric capacity of the compressor ithatis obtained in a wet system, and also as to heat storage in theliquefied refrigerant in a degree corresponding to its quantity.

The refrigerant is operated upon periodically by the compressor toproduce liquefaction of the refrigerant that during the precedapparatus.

' ing operations has becom-e vaporized. As is well known in connectionwith such apparatuses, the lubricant used in lubricating the parts ofthe compressor, is carried away from the compressor in the refrigerantwhich produces deleterious effects on the refrigerant and greatlydiminishes the efficiency of the These injurious results increase as thecyclic operations are performed owing y to the rapid increase ofthe.lubricanticontent within the refrigerant and loss of the lubricant fromthe compressor, until finally the apparatus loses its efiiciency to sucha degree-it,

passes to one or more expansion or evapora.

tive units, or heat absorptive units of the sysk tem. f

The high pressure gas in indicated in the coils3 by the diagonal andmore widely separated-parallel lines 6, and the condensed orliquefiedrefrigerant is indicated by the closelydigonal parallel lines7. The lubricant throughout the refrigerant. Other lubricants ma have aspecific gravity that is Greater than the specific gravity of theliqueed ref frigerant, in connection with which it is used, which'willproduce a ten nc of the lubricant to settle within the lique edrefrigerant when at rest. Or, on the other hand, the density of theliquefied refrigerant may be greater than that ofthe lubricant whichpro-y duces a tendency of the lubricant to ioat on the surface of theliquefiedrefrigerant when the liquefied refrigerant is at rest.Variations 1 of these conditions, however, may occur in otherrefrigerants and lubricants.v The lubricant, however, may be, indifferent parts of the apparatus, caught up by the vaporized orliquefied refrigerant and carried before Ait in confined passage-ways ofthe system.

ln order that the refrigerant may efliciently perform its function ofchilling, it is allowed to enter the expansion or low pressure sideofthe system progressively as the liquefied refrigerant, in theexpansion side. is vaporized. In order to control this movement from oneside of theapparatus to the other side, a releasing valve is located atthe end of the pipe 5 which connects the reservoir 4 with the valvecasing 10.

rlrhe pipe 5 is connected to the valve header 22 which constitutes asupport for the various parts of the valve structure and theinterconnecting -means of a plurality of chilling units.

Where one or more of such units are used, the

valve header then forms a compact arrangement that may be made at alowcost of production and all of the controlling and sensi- `tive parts ofthe apparatus may. be mounted in a single unit and installed as such inthe'apparatus. Also, it provides a means whereby the apparatus may bereadily repaired and the intercontrol between the parts of the apparatusmay be readily adjusted according to the needs that may arise intheoperation of the apparatus f The pipe 5 is connected tothe valve header22 by suitable threaded bushings and sleeves, such as, the bushing 26and the sleeve 28. The passage-way of the pipe 5 passes through thesleeve 28 and through a'short pipe 29 that is connected to the sleeve28. The lower end of the pipe 29 extends Well intofthe chamber 25 thatis formed, or drilled, in the valve header 22. A second pipe 30 extendsto near the top ofthe chamber25, so that the pipes 29 and 30 haveover-extending portions. The- Chamber 25 in conjunction with thepipes29., and 30 provide a trap for any water'or dirt, and other extraneousmatter that .may exist in the refrigerantor may be formed therein thinwall between the inner end of the openthe movable valve member 40. Theratio of the effect-ive area. vof, the passage-way. ofthe chamber 25 tothe openinv 17 1s such as to by reactions that may occur, and for anyscale or metal particles that may collect from the inner `surface of theapparatusin the opera tions'of the system.

Preparatory to utilizing the apparatus, I

have found, 1n the caseoffcertain refrigerants, that it is desirable toprovide for. the removal of vwater because'of its tendency to .freeze inthe refrigerant in the refrigerant part of the system which reduces theeiiciency of the system and may prevent its operation. It is lpractically impossible'to remove all of 7 the moisture from theapparatus preparatory to the introduction of the refrigerant and,

moreover, the refrigerant itself often is highand other particles thatwill collect in they chamber 25. An opening is formed in the wall ofthevalve header 22 at the bottom of the lchamber'which extends from theoutside of the header to a point near the inner surface of the chamber25 and so as toleave a very ing and the surface of the chamber 25.Preferably, the opening 19 is formed with a conical inner end having arelatively large altitudeas compared tothe base of the cone to the innerend portion of the surface of the opening 19.- When, therefore,theapparatus has been running a short period, the low tem-` peraturethat is maintained in the valve header, owingto the expansion of therefrigerant, will causeth'e'moisture to be collected in the chamber '25and will be, moreover, subject to the very bighpressure -that is createdby the compressor. To remove the -liquid and other material that mahavev collected in the chamber 25, 'a small llo apex of the conicalsurface through separating wall portion and, owin thel thin to the veryhighpressure that the materia .within it will be quickly the chamber issubjected, blown out. A soft metal pellet is immediately rammed in toeffectively seal the opening and is'. subsequently backed up :withsolderl that is introduced inthe opening .19.

deposition and trapping` of foreign material e-way leads 'in' thechamber 25A and the passag very small opening 17, that is4 controlled bygive a vervvslow velocity ofa the fluid through s the. chambery 25 toallow` the ldeposition and vsolid material, into the apparatus.

i movable valve. me

le iS drilled i? the .protruding portion 141:; formsi a guide for to a.chamber 18,..whose outlet'is through a.

collect-ion of foreign material in the chamber 25. Furthermore, thevalve control opening 17 is protected by va screen 39 located in thechamber 18 which further prevents the movement of foreign materialparticularly foregln e screen 39 is so located in the valve header-22that it may be readily removed and cleaned of foreign lnaterial. Thus Ihave provided means in my valve header whereby therefrigerant may. bekept clean from all'foreign liquids rent 1n lthe functioning 'of theVrefrigerant.

The chamber 18 is formedwithin a hollow cap screw 37 and a hollow.retaining screw 36. The inner' end of the chamber 18 being formed bythe outer end ofthe removable valve seat and guide 35, which has theopening 17 that forms the outlet of the chamber 1,8. A tapped opening isformed in the header 22 andfa smaller opening extends from the inner endof the ta'pdped opening and concentric with the tappe opemng to theinner side of the header 22. rllhe .valve seat or guide-35 is located atthe bottom of the tapped opening'and extends through the Ismalleropening 32 to the inside of the valve seat and guide 35 has casing 10.The valve that `forms a shoulder a flanged portion 16 that islocatedagainst the en'd of the tapped l openingy and about the smaller opening32.

The valveseat and guide is also provided with a reduced 'cross-sectionalvarea; portion 15l that fits the opening 32 and extends a shortdistancein the opening 32, but not entirely therethrough. The innerendof theguide 35 terminatesin a still further reduced cross-sectional areaprotruding portion 14,

and material that may act as a deterleaving an annular space between theportion 14 and the-surface of the opening 32. TheA valve seat 13 islocated in the portion 15 and at the inner end of the opening 17 andcoaxial therewith an opening 12. is-form'ed Y portion 14, .in which theinthe protruding ber 40 is located'. The

the valvemember'flO. A slot 11 iscut from oneside of the valve guide-andseat 35 toa point on the opposite side 'of the opening 12. Theinnere'dge .of the valve seat-13 is located at the surface .of the slot11 and so that as the valve member-40 is moved. from the s eat to openthe opening 1-7, theuid will have The outlet of the chamber 25 is;preferably, .i opportunity to freely aow fr'om :thei'vconnej located at.its upper end4 to vprovide for the ment of the'. small opening 17 'whichimmediately releases the .pressure of theiiuid as it .escapes into thelarger passage-way lthat is formedl by the slot 11l and vthe spaceformedbetween the'sinfa'ces of the 'opening 432 in the header b22, andthecylindrical proenough Vto fillv the'coil 11and the .valve casing 10'tothe depth v:normally deterany desired manner.

suitable gasket 38 located intermediate the l may be a sheet metal Inate all ossibility o mined by thc valve 40 seat. j l

The valve guide and seat 35is not only held in position by the fittingof the picrtion l5 in the opening 32, but also by the hollow 36 which.is threaded. into` header 22. The retaining screw 36 is castellated inorder that it-may be en a ed with a suitable .Spanner wrench to loc thevalve guidel 35 in position. The screen 39 may be secured coaxial withthe opening 17 in spot welded to the outer face of the valve guide inits relation 4`the movement' of the fluid that `passage-way from the topofthe chamber 25. ,Also, the opening in the hollow cap screw 37 has adiameter, preferably, substantially the same as that of the opening inthe retainin screw 36, which completes the formation o the'chamber 18 inwhich the screen 39 is located. Thev communication between the chamber18 and the passage-wa leading fromthe chamber 25 is throng the slotsofthe castellated retaining-'screw and the small space `between the-outer endl' of the cap screw. Thevtapiped opening inf byv meansv of athe -valve header 22 is scale valve header 22 and the lange of the capscrew 37. c I The valve casing 10 is formedfof the valve header 22 andthe shell 20.' The shell V2() container for enclosing theoperati-veparts of the valve, yVoir for the receipt of the liquefied refrigerant.' The sheet metal 'dome shaped or to the header 22, w ic is`formed, 4'preferably tion 20 1s secured Y l of a forgmg to elimi blowholes, etc. Th shell 2 0 as a'flange 21 that is-clamped be# tween thering 23 and the header by means' the ange 21 and the able low maintainthe gas tight seal of the shell' 20.

The innepsurfacefoLthe valve header 22- andthe surface of theange 21 maybe sur-v face vground to no g 1 it may bensubmergedjn coat-Qwith the,linterposed asket to seal` theinterior'of the valve casi- -mg 1 0.' Theentireyeonstruction isSUch that ,a tin bath for per-.

pressed dome shaped.L

he machine Vscrews 24 that are threaded;` m into the header'22. suitable s oft'metal gas liquid displacement member that operates thevalve 40. The valve 40slidably `moves in the rotruding 'portion14-oflthe valve 'guide 5' and is connected'to the displacement member 49which is moved accordin to the quantity of the refrigerant liquid that:casing` 10. The displacement Amember 49 hasfaa'iarm 46 that ispivot-ally supported onf-the valve header 22. Preferably,l vthe valveheader 22 is provided witha bracket 41that may be spot welded to theheader 22. Preferably, the bracket 41 hasan annular portion 42 pro-1"inopenin 43 formed in the head 44 of themovab e valve member 40, sothat as the displacement member 49 is raised and lowl@re by changes inthe level of the liqueed refrigerant in the casing 10 and the counterbaancing spring or springs 50, the lug 45 will operate as `a crank toslidably move the valve member 40 in the valve guide f'to close and openthe small passageway `The inner `end ofthe valve 'member .40 is providedwith a teat, or needle, 51 which 1.extends substantially through theopening 17. f any particle of foreign material p'should enter theopening 17 that would, more or less, clog the passage-way through'the-ope ning, the teat 51 will displace it and 'keep the openingpractically free for free ovementof the fluid therethrough.

. e arrangement of the valve support is that it may read-ily removed andits surrounding parts readily cleaned of any material'that mayl collecttherein and the 'valve seat may ybe adjusted with reference l v.thelevel of the liquid that is contained withithe valve casing 10 and so asto odify, as desired, the regulative effect of lacement member 49.- Whenany ad- A 4 made, orlwhen it is desired to inspect the operatingconditions of the .control elements of the valve, the screw ca p 3'? isremoved and then the hollow retaining screw 36 is likewise re- Imoved,whereupon the valve guide and seat 37 may be withdrawn from its positionin the opening'32. This leavespthe movable .valve member40 free so thatit maybe lifted the rounded lugl `45and withdrawn the valve casing-IIL`'I`he-seair13 may befthen readily inspected through the Aslot 11i-'landthe'screen 39 may be cleaned, and,

f ifjd'esired, `vthe level -of the liquid at which dwlth a round headedlug 45 that fits y within the desired limits', may te adjusted or variedby the insertion of spacing gaskets made. The-'end of the projectingpart 14 is made conical in order that 'the endiof the valve may beguided to the opening 12.

The refrigerant liquid in the valve casing 10 passes downward throughthe pipe 58, which is connected to the header 22 and enters the coil 11which is also con'- nected to the header 22 through the pipe 59. Thepassage-way in the header that communicates with the' pipe .59,terminates in an outlet 61 which is located above the inlet. of the pipe58. v'The outlet 61 is, preferably, at the level of the liquid that is`maintained by the'displacement 49 in its control of the valve 40. Thelocation of theoutlet 61-may be varied as to its height las may bedesired. Owing to the fact that the coil 11 absorbs a. large quantity ofheat from the surrounding medium, there is a constant change fromtheliquid to the gas within the coil 11 which causes a rapid' circulationof the liquidthrough the coil. 'The openings, therefore, lin the valveheader v22,

- are made larfge so as to allow for the free circulationA o the liquidand 4of thecolleetion ofthe gas from kthe coil which rises through the'header and entersv the valve casing 10. As the liquid changes to thegas,

10, allowing an additional quantity of the l' liquid to enter the valvecasing. As the liquid in the casing 10. and thelcoilll changes to a s,the level lof the liquid' in y the 'casing 10 1s lowered thereby,whichloss in -ilevel isA compensated for by additional -liquidrefrigerant admitted tothe inside of. the casing 10 by the action of thedisplacement member 49 on the valve plunger 40.'

` If desired, the coil-11 -may be-entirely eliminated which will-changeit from what might be termed a wetv evaporative. system tov a Adry fevaporative system .or from a flooded system to tan expansive system.The` elimination of the coil 11 convertsthe system into a dry system, oran expansive system, for the reaSOn'that the. system' will be dependentfor its operation on the evaporation and expulsion of the lowpressureliq- 'A uidv contained in `tlhe valvecasing. Thus, by my invention, itpossibleto'secure the advantages of a llioat chamber located on the lowvpressure side of a compressionrefrigerr system for admitting refrigerantf ende hol,

thereto with on1y-aI relatively small quantit of refrigerant.`

' lhe vaporlzed refrigerant passes through a fpipe which is provided oopenings 56. T e openings 56 are, pre

erably, made small so that the pipe-55 will act as a baiiie to preventthe entrance of liquid refrigerant into the pipe 55 in case of undueagitation of the .liquid or the formation of foam in the valve casing10. If desired, the pipe 55fmay be provided with a baiiie 57 located onthe exterior of the pipe. The pipe 55 is connected to the header 22 andterminates `near the pipe 66, that also extends in a bore 64 formed inthe header 22. VThe diameter of lthe bore 64 is considerably larger thanthe exterior diameter of the pipe with a pluralitfy 66. rlhe bore 64extends well below the p ointl of entrance of the pipe 55 in the header22, `and the pipe 66 extends to near the bottom of the bore 64. The pipe66 has avery small opening 70 and the eliective area of.

the communication through the opening 70 is adusted by means of athreaded conical plug 74. A valve 67 is located on'theV Vexit end of thepipe 66 and is spring pressed, or loaded, by means of the spring 68which operates to-yieldingly resist the opening of the' valve 67. Thus'the gas will escape through the valve casing 10, the pipe y55 and thepipe 66, according to the pressurethat is created in the valve casing ascontrolled by the valve 67 The pipe 66 is held in posit1on by a flanged,endwhich `substantially iits the tapped opening and an elbow 65 isscrewed into the tapped opening so as to clamp the flanged end of thepipe 66 and thusv `SS level iS 'lowered Within the Valve Casing -beclosed bythe refrigerantliquid during the idle compressor period in thecycle ofthe operations and the gas that comes from 'the pipe 55 willnormally leak throughthe opening' 70 as the pressure rises force openthe valve 67 suiciently to A second coil 12 which, preferably, has adiameter much smaller than the coil 11, is

connected to the elbow 65 through thel pipe 71. In thecoil 12 there isalso the usual expansion-and during the expansion there is also theusual absorption of heat. Thegas then passes Yinto the liquidrefrigerant Atrap .wherel it likewise absorbs heat from the sur-'rounding medium by further expansion.

When the com ressor is in operation, the' vapor is drawn y om thechilling units that may .be contained in a suitable vat 14 andsubmerged, if desired, in any anti-freeze' solution, such as brine, orwater and alcosuita glycerne vand water, etc., located in a levat. Thisproduces a low pressure in the trap` and separator 13 and in the coil c12. This 1n turn draws the vapor from within the valve casing 10 andcauses rapid evap.

cio

'contained in the valve casing 10.l It also draws any liquid that maycollect in the bore 64 of the header 22. Also, the lowercnd of the boreV64 is connected -with the bottom ot' the casing 10 by means of the pipe63 which is covered at its outer end by means of 'a sieve 62 which,together with its outer end, lies on the bottom, r substantially at thebottom, of the valvdJ casing 10. -Thus thel liquid contained in thevalve casing 10 will be drawn-through the opening 73 into the bore 64 bythe suction produced b the compressor, and will pass through te coil 12and into the lubricant antloliquid refrigerant trap 13. Also', if it isdesired to draw the liquid from the coil'll, the pipe 63, shown in Fig.4, may be extended from the openinr 731Mo the pipe'58 and downwardthrough the'ipipe 58 to the lower end of the coil 11, shown in Fig. 13,where the sieve 62 may be used to strain the liquidJ that passes intothe pipe 63, and upwards and into the bore 64.

There will be thus roduceda uniform circulation of the refrigerant andalso there will be maintained a uniform dissemination of the lubricantthroughout the refrigerant. The liquid mixture will be caught in thetrap 13 where opportunity will be given :t'oi` the refrigerant tovaporize and the lubricant to progressively separate from therefrigerant and finally enter in subdivided portions at a uniform rateinto the vapor `which is i drawn through the trap and also that which isformed in the trap.

The trap 13 may partake of a variety of forms. The trap shown in thedrawings is a cylindrical sheet metal container having a plurality ofcups that will entr'ap the liquid that enters through the pipe 12. Eachof the cups 8O are provided with a flanged opening located in ltsbottom, thela'nge of the opening extending to near the level of the topedgey ofthe cup. I'n order to revent free flow of the, liquid that mayenter t rough the pipe 12, into the trap 13, the anged openings aresuitably staggered, one relative to the other as shown in Fig. 3. :Ifdesired,

the fianged` openings may Abe centered and made conical ln'form so as toguide the overflow of the liquid to one side of the Hange of each lowercup and thereby trap the overfiow in the next lower cup. Also, the fianed openings within the trap 13 permit the ee movement of the vapor-through thetrap 13' and the low pressure created by the compresser` 1,that is transmitted through the ipe 84, causes .the vaporiz'ation of there# igerant located within the cups'and thev vapor that is thus formedwill pass Ithrough the anged'o'penings into 'the pipe "84 and to thelcompressor 1.

The .cups are provided with openings- 82 located in the bottoms o f thecups which allow the lubricant and sornel of theliquid re- -frigerantslowly tol drainfrom each vcup into the succeeding cup. y As the liquidsprogress,

the refrigerant is evaporated until finally y from the last cup thelubricant will drip into the space that communicates with the pipe 84,and so thatit will be gradually and progrcssively collected and snatchedby the vapor through the. pipe 84 into the com-l pressor, ltherebyuniformly directing the separated lubricant tothe compressor.

f The liquid retaining means may partake l of diercnt forms, a singlecup of consldcrable diameter may beused, or a yplurality of cups may beutilized, the object being to trap the mixture of liquids that pass fromthe coil 12 and until they are separated by dis-- tillation, or byoveror under-'flow of one of the liquids. A

In` the particular form of construction shown in Fi 3, a plurality ofcups are used and each o the cups are provided with flanged openings 81,and also are provided with minute openings 82. The flanged openings V81permit the movement of the liquids through. the cups by its overflowingthe flanges and also permits the movement of the vapor, that is createdby the suction of the compressor, Whilethe openings 82 permitthe gradualmovement of the lubricant from one cup to another and finallyv from thelowermost cup into the vapor that is being drawn to the compressor.

In the form of cup shown in 11, thev flanged opening is conical in formwhich will l Y direct the overflow down the upwardly sloping surface andyso that it will be caught by the cup below. One advantage of the formof cup shown in Fig.v 11, Athe movement of I f the vapor through the cupWill tend to blow the liquid in all directions away from 'the flangedopening, and thus insure .that each succeeding cup will be filled withthe liquid contained in the fluid that is being drawn through the trapby means of the compressor. The fluid is largely a mixture ofrefrigerant vapor, refrigelant liquid and'more or less foamy or vaporousliquid lubricant and refrigerant.

I'y ythe form of cup shown'in Fig. 12, the cup isv made somewhatcrescent shaped andy the side Wall of. the cup` forms vits .flangedoutlet at on'e side of the cup and between the side of the cup and thewall of the container, orrtrap'- 13. .The openings that are thus formedby the shape of the cup, with reference to the wallof thetrap 13, arealso staggered'lwith referenceto each other in the same manner that theopenings of the `cups shown in- FigsQSand 10 are staggered relative toeach other, and so as to trap the liquids that may be carried by theuids that are drawn by the compressor from the chill-- ing units 'of,the apparatus.

-The construction of the coil `12 and the trap 13, must be ofsuch a.character that they will causetheevaporation of 'substantially all ofthey liquid' refrigerant -that may be drawninto these parts by thecompressor,

and this, evaporization should 'take' place` during the period in whichthe compressor is in operation;

- During this operation ofthe-compressor, there is a tendency to producea considerable agitation vwithin the valve casing 10. andin f vorder toprevent agitation of the liquid con-4 Kbe spaced therefrom sufficientlyto prevent.

' 'any interference with the operation of the v vided passageway fromthe 'to the second chilling unit during the slow '3'5 frigerant at apredetermined rate-during the compression period of the operation ofthel apparatus through located in 3. In a com displacement member in itscontrol or action f of the movable valve 'member 40. Also, the 2o baies9() will prevent too free movement of the froth that mayexist in thevalve casing 10, through the pipe 5 5, when the compressor is inoperation..

'Iclaim: 1. In a compression refrigerating system, a compressor, aplurality of chilling units connected in series vto the compressor, al'iquid level responsive release valve for admitutingliqueedurefrigerant to the rst .of the 30- a divided passage'for adonepart of the difirst chilling unit said chilling units, mitting vaporthroughevaporativeperiod of the operation of the refrvigerating -appa.r' atus` and liquefied reanother part of'the divided passageway.' 1 Y'l 1 2. In a compression refrigerating system, acompressor, a rfrigerating unit, a 'valve casing having a v lve header, a 'releasevalve the valve casing and supported .on the valve header for admittingliquefied refrigerant into the refrigerating unit, the in` let and theoutlet of theIrefriger-ating unit connected to the valve casing throughtheV valve header, a trapcommunicating with the valve casing through thevalve'header, a trap communicating with the :valve casing through thevalve header for retaining the liquefied refrigerant and the lubricantuntil the refrigerant has evaporated and the lubricant is discharged inthe evaporated-refrigerant.

ression refrigerating system, a compressor, a valvecasing havinga valveheader, a release valve located in the casing and supported on theheader for admitting 'liquefied refrigerant. into the valvecasing, theheader having a chamber located in the header and intermediate theAcompressor andthe valve, the header 'having a bored' portion,

- and a thin wall for separating the bored porltion from the chamberwhereby material may ing unit connected fthe bottom of the` well.

be removed from the refrigeratin'g 'appara- 1 2l. In a compressionrefrigerating system-,a

compressor, a-valve casing having a valve header, afrelease valvelocated inthe casing and ,supported on the" headerfor admittingliquefied refrigerant into the valve casing, the valve .header having avchamberin vthe 'passageway leading to the valve seat anda screenlocated in thevchamber and surround ing the inlet Controlled bythevalve.

5. In a compression refrigerating syst-em,

a coinpressona refrigeratingunit, avalve casing' having a valve header,a release valve located in the valve casing and supported-on the valveheader for admitting vliquefied refrigerant into the refrigerating unit,the iiilet and the outlet of the refrigerating unitthrough the connected.to' the valve casing valve header, a trap communicating with the valvecasing through the valveheader.'

6. In a compression refrigerating system, a

compressor, a' liquid refrigerant container, a

chilling unit, a level controlled release valve located intermediatetheV containernand 'a chilling unitzand controlledjby the the level ofthe liquid in the container for controlling Y 'A' the movement of theliquefied refrigerant-to the chilling unit, al second valve locatedbetween thecont'ainer and the chilling unit for maintaining the pressurein the container greater than that in the chilling unit.

7. In a compression refrigerating systemga compressor, a plurality ofchilling units sur-' rounded by a common medium, a liquid levrelresponsive 'releasing valve'in ,the first ,ghill-v located' between vtheing unit, va second valve first chilling unit and the otherchillingunits,

, a passage-way having @restrictedl opening located in advance of thelast named valve for fluid to'A they-last named valve.

controlling the movement of therefrigerant 8'. In a compressionrefrigerating sys t em,.a

compressor, a liquid refrigerant reservoir for receiving the liquefiedrefrigerant from the compressor, a valve casing-having-a valve headerconnected to theJ reservoir, a valve member located in theheader foradmitting refrigerant liquid to the valve casing from the reservoir' andcontrolled by the level ofthe liquid refrigerant in 'the casing, theheader having a well,'the lower extremityof the well located below thelevel o f the liquid inthe.

casing, the well ing at two points, one communicating with the casingabove the level of the liquid and low the level of the header Lconnectedto4 thev reservoir, a valve` communicating with the casthe othercommunicating with the casing-beliquid, and a refrigeratto the well at apoint near member located in vthe'hea-der for admitting `refrigerantliquid to the valve casing and controlled by the level of the liquidrefrigerant in the casing, a well located 4in the header having itslower extremity located below the level of the liquid in the casing, thewell communieating with the casing at two points., .one communicatingwith the'casing above the level of the liquid and the other communi'-`eating with the casing. below the level ofthe liquid, a refrigeratingunit connected to near the bottom 'of the well, and a bleeder opening inthe connection of the wellvwith lthe refrigeratin'g unit. l l g v10. Ina compression refrigerating system,

a valve casing having a-valve header, a float located in the cas/ing,the` valve headerhaving an opening,l a valve :member located in theheader and controlled bythe level of the liquid refrigerant in thecasing, a removable plug 'for closing the, opening, the valve memberremovably connected to the float, a valve seat located in the plug,'whereby the valve` member 'and the plug may be withdrawn through theopening in the header without displacement of the float. l

In witness whereof I-have hereunto signed my name to this specication.

PHILIP W.`DES 'ROCIIES.

